Fair Play - Jogo Limpo


Origem do Fair Play:

Desde as primeiras manifestações desportivas, por altura dos Jogos Olímpicos da Grécia Antiga, que se espera dos atletas um comportamento digno, revelador de espírito esportivo, entre outros aspectos, reconhecendo a superioridade de um adversário perante a derrota. Durante a Idade Média, os Torneios de Cavaleiros eram regidos por um código baseado na lealdade e na honestidade dos participantes. Mais perto no tempo, no século XIX, a Inglaterra defendia uma prática esportiva de raiz aristocrática, mas assente no cavalheirismo e fair play, isto é, nas regras escritas e não escritas. O francês, barão Pierre de Coubertin, pai dos Jogos Olímpicos modernos, preocupou-se sempre em associar ao ideal olímpico, a honra e a lealdade, o respeito pelos outros e por si próprio. Enfim, uma série de comportamentos, habitualmente associados ao espírito esportivo.

Biliatti (s/d) ressalta que, conectado à sua origem aristocrática inglesa, os valores do “fai play”, foram referências para a prática esportiva durante muito tempo mesmo que algumas vezes sendo transgredidas. Dessa, forma podemos perceber que o “fair play” tem uma forte raiz aristocrática, caracterizada pela riqueza e pelo poder que os aristocratas detinham na sociedade inglesa da época. Fica evidente que Pierre de Coubertin foi fortemente influenciado pelos princípios da aristocracia inglesa. Logo o conceito de jogo limpo reflete o sentimento desta em relação ao esporte, estando, portanto, repleto dos ideais e princípios característicos daquela sociedade.

Definições


O Código de Ética Esportiva, elaborado pelo Conselho da Europa (1996), ressalta que o fair play está além de um simples comportamento: O fair play significa muito mais do que o simples respeito às regras; cobre as noções de amizade, de respeito pelo outro, e de espírito esportivo, representa um modo de pensar, e não simplesmente um comportamento. O conceito abrange a problemática da luta contra batota, a arte de usar a astúcia dentro do respeito às regras,  doping, a violência (tanto física quanto verbal), a desigualdade de oportunidades, a comercialização excessiva e a corrupção.

Segundo Gonçalves (1997), “o espírito desportivo constitui uma noção difícil de definir. Não é, contudo, difícil reconhecer algumas dimensões da questão: lealdade, honestidade, aceitação das regras, respeito pelos outros e por si próprio, igualdade de oportunidades..tantos são os elementos associados a idéia de espírito desportivo.” Para o autor e também para a Carta sobre o Espírito Desportivo (1984), o fair play manifesta-se através dos seguintes aspectos:
 
1. Respeito pelas regras
2. Respeito pelos árbitros e aceitação de
suas decisões
3. Respeito pelo adversário
4. Desejo de igualdade
5. Ser digno



Referências:

BILIATTI, R. Conhecimentos específicos: Educação física. Apostila, Secretaria de educação do estado, São Paulo, ed.Apostilas lógicas, s/d.

CONSELHO DA EUROPA. O Código de Ética Esportiva. 1996. Disponível em: <http://napsi.no.sapo.pt/codigoetica.html>. Acesso em: 23/12/2004.

GONÇALVES, C. O pensamento dos treinadores sobre o espírito desportivo na formação dos jovens praticantes. 2 ed. Oeiras: Câmara municipal de Oeiras, 1997.

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