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Nutrição Esportiva e Suplementação



           
             No corpo humano, nutrição e atividade física andam lado a lado. O trabalho do corpo exige os três nutrientes produtores de energia para abastecer as atividades: os carboidratos e lipídeos como combustíveis e as proteínas para construção e manutenção dos tecidos magros.As vitaminas e os sais minerais são importantes para auxiliar no metabolismo energético e na formação de tecidos.A água atua na regulação da temperatura corporal e no auxílio da distribuição de combustíveis. Portanto para que o atleta tenha um bom desempenho, é fundamental que seus hábitos alimentares atendam às suas necessidades nutricionais, assim, promovendo a saúde.

 
            Em geral, o exercício físico, requer um maior aporte protéico, o que se deve a um aumento na utilização de aminoácidos como fonte energética do metabolismo. Sabendo disso, praticantes de atividade física lançam mão de suplementos alimentares acreditando que eles podem aprimorar o seu desempenho tomando pílulas, pós ou poções a base de proteínas, com a promessa de adquirir massa muscular e eliminar gorduras rapidamente. Infelizmente, existem situações em que os treinadores expõem idéias para o atleta com promessas de melhor desempenho físico utilizando: suplementos nutricionais, drogas ou seguindo procedimentos sem instruções de um profissional. Quando tais recursos são inofensivos, eles são apenas um desperdício de dinheiro; mas quando eles afetam negativamente o desempenho ou a saúde, acabam desperdiçando o potencial do atleta. Esse destaque analisa algumas promessas mágicas para melhorar o desempenho físico, porém sabemos que nenhum suplemento substitui uma alimentação saudável. Uma boa dieta (que supra todas as necessidades nutricionais e energéticas), aliada ao repouso e treinamento adequados, já são efetivos na promoção de um bom desempenho do indivíduo. Existem os atletas de competição que gastam muitas calorias devido ao treino pesado e frequente. Geralmente estes atletas são orientados por profissionais da área da nutrição a suplementar sua alimentação, pois o gasto calórico dessas pessoas é tão alto que somente a alimentação não é suficiente para suprir a necessidade calórica e nutricional.

Conheça alguns suplementos utilizados e suas funções:

- Suplementos Hipercalóricos. São suplementos que possuem um valor energético alto. Esses suplementos são compostos por carboidratos e aminoácidos essenciais, ou seja, aminoácidos que não produzimos no nosso organismo.

-  SuplementosHiperprotéicos/ aminoácidos. São suplementos protéicos. Possuem compostos de aminoácidos essenciais ao nosso organismo que ajudam na formação de músculos.

- Suplementos Termogênicos. Ajudam no aumento do metabolismo. Contribuem na perda de peso e gordura corporal.

- Suplementos Antioxidantes. Rico em nutrientes antioxidantes, auxilia na limpeza do organismo. Quem pratica muita atividade física acaba liberando muitos radicais livres no organismo que são responsáveis pelo envelhecimento precoce ou mesmo que levam a doenças como o câncer. Esses antioxidantes ajudam na eliminação dos radicais livres.

- Suplementos Polivitamínicos e Minerais. Para pessoas que  necessitam complementar vitaminas e minerais no dia a dia.

- Suplementos Hormonais.
            São substâncias que estimulam a produção de hormônios sendo sempre necessário um acompanhamento médico para avaliar a necessidade de utilizá-los.
            Vários suplementos fazem alegações com base em princípios nutricionais mal-entendidos. As alegações podem ser sensatas, mas, na maioria dos casos, são pouco ou não são cientificamente fundamentadas;em alguns casos, pouca ou nenhuma informação é disponível sobre os ingredientes dos suplementos. Em outros, os níveis de dosagens dos ingredientes listados não são fornecidos, ou as dosagem sugeridas são extremamente altas.
            Sabendo sobre a função dos suplementos, todos os atletas e esportistas podem manter um bom rendimento e com mais segurança, através do uso adequado e orientado por profissionais especialistas (nutricionistas/ médicos) levando aos melhores resultados no controle de peso corporal, ganho de massa muscular e melhora no desempenho. O uso de suplementos é uma conduta posterior à adequação da dieta, de acordo com as necessidades individuais. Desta forma, torna-se necessário refletir sobre a  importância da atuação do nutricionista na área esportiva. O avanço na  inserção do profissional nutricionista em diversos campos da saúde no Brasil faz parte de uma nova perspectiva sobre a promoção da vida saudável, na qual a alimentação  adequada exerce papel essencial, juntamente com a atividade física.


Ø Referências:
GUIDO G. A Nutricionista.com. Nutrição Esportiva Básica. Disponível em: <http://www.anutricionista.com/nutricao-esportiva-basica.html> Acesso em :4 jun. 2011.
SILVA R. Suplementos nutricionais funcionam? Disponível em: <http://cyberdiet.terra.com.br/suplementos-nutricionais-funcionam-2-1-1-371.html > Acesso em: 07 jun. 2011.
Suplementos X Alimentos. Saúde e Performance – Suplementos. Disponível em: <http://www.rgnutri.com.br/sp/suplementos/sxa.php> Acesso em: 07 jun. 2011.
PARAVISE. S. Quer ganhar massa com saúde? Escolha a whey protein adequada. Disponível em: <http://www.treinototal.com.br/revista/2010/05/06/alergia-whey-proteina-hidrolisada-hidrolizada/> Acesso em: 4 jun. 2011.
PEREIRA P. A Nutricionista.com. A suplementação de vitaminas no exercício. Disponível em: <http://www.anutricionista.com/a-suplementacao-de-vitaminas-no-exercicio.html> Acesso em: 03 jun. 2011.
SIZER, F.S.; ELEANOR, N. W. Nutrição: Conceitos e Controvérsias. [tradução da 8. Ed. Original, Nelson Gomes de Oliveira...et AL.] – Barueri, SP : Manole, 2003. (p. 356 – 372 e 373).

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