No corpo humano, nutrição e atividade física andam lado a
lado. O trabalho do corpo exige os três nutrientes produtores de energia para
abastecer as atividades: os carboidratos e lipídeos como combustíveis e as
proteínas para construção e manutenção dos tecidos magros.As vitaminas e os
sais minerais são importantes para auxiliar no metabolismo energético e na
formação de tecidos.A água atua na regulação da temperatura corporal e no
auxílio da distribuição de combustíveis. Portanto para que o atleta tenha um
bom desempenho, é fundamental que seus hábitos alimentares atendam às suas
necessidades nutricionais, assim, promovendo a saúde.
Em geral, o
exercício físico, requer um maior aporte protéico, o que se deve a um aumento
na utilização de aminoácidos como fonte energética do metabolismo. Sabendo
disso, praticantes de atividade física lançam mão de suplementos alimentares
acreditando que eles podem aprimorar o seu desempenho tomando pílulas, pós ou
poções a base de proteínas, com a promessa de adquirir massa muscular e
eliminar gorduras rapidamente. Infelizmente, existem situações em que os
treinadores expõem idéias para o atleta com promessas de melhor desempenho físico utilizando: suplementos
nutricionais, drogas ou seguindo procedimentos sem instruções de um
profissional. Quando tais recursos são inofensivos, eles são apenas um
desperdício de dinheiro; mas quando eles afetam negativamente o desempenho ou a
saúde, acabam desperdiçando o potencial do atleta. Esse destaque analisa
algumas promessas mágicas para melhorar o desempenho físico, porém sabemos que
nenhum suplemento substitui uma alimentação saudável. Uma boa dieta (que supra
todas as necessidades nutricionais e energéticas), aliada ao repouso e
treinamento adequados, já são efetivos na promoção de um bom desempenho do
indivíduo. Existem os atletas de competição que gastam muitas calorias devido
ao treino pesado e frequente. Geralmente estes atletas são orientados por
profissionais da área da nutrição a suplementar sua alimentação, pois o gasto
calórico dessas pessoas é tão alto que somente a alimentação não é suficiente
para suprir a necessidade calórica e nutricional.
Conheça alguns
suplementos utilizados e suas funções:
-
Suplementos
Hipercalóricos. São
suplementos que possuem um valor energético alto. Esses suplementos são
compostos por carboidratos e aminoácidos essenciais, ou seja, aminoácidos que
não produzimos no nosso organismo.
- SuplementosHiperprotéicos/ aminoácidos. São
suplementos protéicos. Possuem compostos de aminoácidos essenciais ao nosso
organismo que ajudam na formação de músculos.
- Suplementos
Termogênicos. Ajudam no aumento do metabolismo. Contribuem na perda de peso
e gordura corporal.
- Suplementos
Antioxidantes. Rico em nutrientes antioxidantes, auxilia na limpeza do
organismo. Quem pratica muita atividade física acaba liberando muitos radicais
livres no organismo que são responsáveis pelo envelhecimento precoce ou mesmo
que levam a doenças como o câncer. Esses antioxidantes ajudam na eliminação dos
radicais livres.
- Suplementos
Polivitamínicos e Minerais. Para pessoas que necessitam complementar vitaminas e minerais
no dia a dia.
- Suplementos
Hormonais.
São substâncias que estimulam a produção de hormônios
sendo sempre necessário um acompanhamento médico para avaliar a necessidade de
utilizá-los.
Vários suplementos fazem alegações
com base em princípios nutricionais mal-entendidos. As alegações podem ser
sensatas, mas, na maioria dos casos, são pouco ou não são cientificamente
fundamentadas;em alguns casos, pouca ou nenhuma informação é disponível sobre
os ingredientes dos suplementos. Em outros, os níveis de dosagens dos
ingredientes listados não são fornecidos, ou as dosagem sugeridas são extremamente
altas.
Sabendo sobre a função dos
suplementos, todos os atletas e esportistas podem manter um bom rendimento e
com mais segurança, através do uso adequado e orientado por profissionais
especialistas (nutricionistas/ médicos) levando aos melhores resultados no
controle de peso corporal, ganho de massa muscular e melhora no desempenho. O
uso de suplementos é uma conduta posterior à adequação da dieta, de acordo com
as necessidades individuais. Desta forma, torna-se necessário refletir sobre a importância da atuação
do nutricionista na área esportiva. O avanço na inserção do profissional nutricionista em
diversos campos da saúde no Brasil faz parte de uma nova perspectiva sobre a
promoção da vida saudável, na qual a alimentação adequada exerce papel essencial, juntamente
com a atividade física.
Ø Referências:
GUIDO
G. A Nutricionista.com. Nutrição Esportiva Básica. Disponível em:
<http://www.anutricionista.com/nutricao-esportiva-basica.html> Acesso em
:4 jun. 2011.
SILVA
R. Suplementos nutricionais funcionam? Disponível em:
<http://cyberdiet.terra.com.br/suplementos-nutricionais-funcionam-2-1-1-371.html
> Acesso em: 07 jun. 2011.
Suplementos X Alimentos. Saúde e Performance – Suplementos.
Disponível em: <http://www.rgnutri.com.br/sp/suplementos/sxa.php> Acesso
em: 07 jun. 2011.
PARAVISE.
S. Quer ganhar massa com saúde? Escolha a whey protein adequada. Disponível
em:
<http://www.treinototal.com.br/revista/2010/05/06/alergia-whey-proteina-hidrolisada-hidrolizada/>
Acesso em: 4 jun. 2011.
PEREIRA
P. A Nutricionista.com. A suplementação de vitaminas no exercício.
Disponível em:
<http://www.anutricionista.com/a-suplementacao-de-vitaminas-no-exercicio.html>
Acesso em: 03 jun. 2011.
SIZER,
F.S.; ELEANOR, N. W. Nutrição: Conceitos e Controvérsias. [tradução da
8. Ed. Original, Nelson Gomes de Oliveira...et AL.] – Barueri, SP : Manole,
2003. (p. 356 – 372 e 373).
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